These pumps were used to provide better injection control and refinement for car diesel engines as they changed from indirect injection to much more efficient but inherently less refined direct injection engines in the 1990s.
The first generation four and five cylinder VW/Audi TDI engines pioneered these pumps before switching to Unit Injectors.
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From the 1990s an intermediate stage between full electronic control were pumps that used electronic control units to control some of the functions of the rotary pump but were still mechanically timed and powered by the engine. Mechanical pumps are gradually being phased out in order to comply with international emissions directives, and to increase performance and economy.
This is because most diesel engines only regulate their speed by fuel supply control and don't have a throttle valve to control air intake. Poorly maintained and worn engines can consume their lubrication oil through worn out crankcase ventilation systems and 'run away', causing increasing engine speed until the engine destroys itself. All injection pumps incorporate a governor to cut fuel supply if the crankshaft rpm endangers the engine - the heavy moving parts of diesel engines do not tolerate overspeeding well, and catastrophic damage can occur if they are over-revved.
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